Chapter 20 (pg. 589-614)

This chapter describes the second wave of European conquest. This was in Africa by the US Germany Italy Japan and Belgium. This establishment was built by military force. Unlike the colonies established in North America that were built by reform. In africa there was not a major demographic change because people who went there were only going as temporary settlers, not to set up a longterm living situation. But the fact that Europeans went into Africa and took over breaking up the peace in villages that have never seen western societies in their life. Many cooperated and joined the European army but there were also many who rebelled. The most well known rebellion group was the Indian rebellion. They took their troops and attempted to defend India yet the British soldiers were much stronger and had no mercy on the Indian people. This intensified the racial divide in India eventually leading to complete British control. 
When it came to living arrangements in these cities colonizers got the better end of the deal. Which makes complete sense when you recognize how they got there. If a group of people is able to come in out of no where and completely take over a town they will have no restrictions on how they run it. In the education department colonizers hogged everything. They believed that education should be for the primitive minds, leaving the natives out of that category. Even the most high up natives, in status, rarely made it to a school. 
How the colonizers treated the natives contradicted all of the morals that were imposed in the home of Europeans based on their core values. 
The economy was greatly effected by this wave of colonization as well. Raw materials were in high demand out of africa. This is when the Europeans began to take advantage of the natives. They felt the desire to produce more goods with less loss so they pushed natives to physical exhaustion everyday without pay. This led to starvation for a lot of people because they were not able to care for their own crops on top of the unpaid labor they were forced to do. Artisans that had made a living in the market their whole lives were now squeezed out by european trade.
As the agriculture industry became unbearable the colonial cities began to attract a lot of natives as they saw this as an oppertunity to move up in life. Here they were also closer to a western education. This education meant power of literacy to escape obligations forced on laborers and gain access to better jobs. Not to mention status within the colonizers views. It is amazing to me to see how these natives lived and how much they had to put up with from the Europeans. And yet they did and the ones that were able to survive did it was so much strength, I admire it. They would have done anything for a job sitting behind a desk all day as a receptionist and yet all of us today would hate to have that job because it is boring. Just thinking of the difference in the mindset of us today and them back then amazes me.